Sample Proposal Essay Example

Budget And Budgetary Control

Financial plan And Budgetary Control Financial plan and Budgetary Control are the key segments of any business and its dynamic procedure. A business is an association typically set up with an expect to achieve achievement and acquire some change the general public. Be that as it may, in the event of any business the achievement is controlled by the benefit or the worth it added to the association toward the finish of multi year. Thusly, the counts of the deals and uses are the fundamental ideas of any business. As referenced, a business is define up with an objective to achieve achievement and in this manner, as an essential of accomplishing achievement one association should be appropriately mindful of every one of its activities and ought to likewise be equipped for predict its future tasks. Farsightedness has frequently been depicted as an essential way to accomplish achievement. In this manner, the accomplishment of any business is very subject to its forecasts about future course of activities. For this situation, forecasts identify with the hierarchical turnover, business patterns during a timeframe, consumption designs and so on. Every one of these should be assembled to decide an authoritative methodology which will enable the business to support is development or achieve further development. Further, in todays world business identifies with assets and capitals raised through various sources, models: bank advances, financial speculators, speculators and so forth. Every one of these individuals are keen on taking a gander at the raw numbers that portrays the hierarchical achievement and a fruitful future course of activities. The statistical data points, referenced herewith, should be appropriately registered and introduced in a type of explanation. This report delineating the eventual fate of any business is known as spending plan. Budgetary control can be portrayed as complimentary idea characterized by the financial plan. Budgetary control delineates various sorts and parts of operational expense and methods of controlling the equivalent. It focuses on the consumptions and ensures that all the divisions and its exercises demonstrations likewise and follow the financial plan appropriately. The spending smoothed out the use example and causes an association to carry on its exercises easily. Spending GLIMPSE ON THE DIFFERENET ASPECTS A spending plan can be depicted as a money related arrangement for a business that has been arranged well ahead of time to show and direct the future course of work of a business. A spending plan might be set in cash terms, for eg. a business spending plan of an association for the long stretch of May, 2011 is  £500,000 or it very well may be communicated as far as units, for state, a buys financial plan deciding the quantity of units to be purchased during the period of April, 2011 is to be 5,000 units. Financial plans can likewise be put across as pay spending plans for cash got for example deals financial plan, or use spending plans for cash spent, for example a buys spending plan. Be that as it may, a significant accentuation has consistently been on the money spending which joins both salary and use in assessing the business working capital, money close by and bank balance during a course of work or a timespan. The spending plans are normally arranged for the accompanying money related years (spending period), and are typically separated into shorter timespans so as to stress on the figures and their achievement/satisfaction. The periods are normally month to month or quarterly, decided dependent fair and square of exercises and its tasks. This guarantees budgetary control to be practiced over the spending plan; the genuine outcomes can be checked against the planned figures. Incase, of better execution the associations report reward, offer augmentations to its representatives nonetheless, incase of negative figures, the errors between the two can be explored and restorative move can be made as needs be. Advantages OF BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL Spending plans give benefits both to the business, and furthermore for its directors and different staffs: The spending helps arranging Oncethe business destinations are set and formalized through a financial plan, it can b guaranteed that the different marketable strategies are additionally feasible. It likewise helps in taking the yield choices of different merchandise and ventures and to ensure that everything is accessible at the correct time. The financial plan conveys and co-ordinates - A spending plan is concurred by the business, and helps the diverse office and segments inside work towards an equivalent end. It helps in keeping up an order all through and in guaranteeing that all divisions have in their own impact in accomplishing the objective. The spending plan once set likewise helps in settling any foreseen issues and different zones of potential disarray get explained. The spending helps in dynamic procedure - as effectively own a spending helps in preparing and subsequently permitting the business to think a predict early, they can't just choose the type of merchandise and ventures to be served yet in addition the buy choices which can help it in controlling its costs. The financial plan can be utilized to screen and control The most significant advantage of a spending arrangement is helping an administration to have budgetary control to screen and think about the genuine outcomes. This further aides in adjusting different activities in altering the tasks of the business over the long haul, or potentially to change the spending plan on the off chance that it gets unachievable. The spending plan can be utilized to rouse and control A financial plan frequently goes about as a persuading factor since gives the chiefs and different staffs a foreordained objectives. This helps the business as well as helps its representatives since on satisfaction of the foreordained targets the greater part of the associations pronounce different sorts of rewards and augmentations for its staff. Restrictions OF BUDGET BUDGETARY CONTROL Despite the fact that there are different advantages to the reality of financial plan and budgetary control, in any case, there are barely any restrictions additionally and these are portrayed beneath: I) Benefits of delivering a spending plan ought to surpass its expense Planning is genuinely a mind boggling process and for certain organizations particularly the little ones it might present an over the top weight as far as time and different assets, with just restricted advantages. By the by, the vast majority of the loaning associations, for example, banks and so on in todays period frequently require the spending plans as a feature of the marketable strategy so as to additionally continue with their loaning or speculation choices. In these cases, when in doubt, the advantage of delivering the financial plan must surpass its expense. ii) Budgets are frequently not exact Spending manages estimations and expectations identifying with future dependent on the figures of the past and the present. Subsequently, an extraordinary hazard is associated with it tending the figures to not be right. A business profoundly subject to spending plans may thought that it was hard to prevail with wrong subtleties put over. Hence, extraordinary consideration should be taken with estimation of different raw numbers. Budgetary control is utilized to look at the financial plan against what really happened the spending plan may should be changed on the off chance that it gets unachievable. iii) The spending plan may demotivate Representatives at the ground level who don't have any administrative rights or doesn't participate in concurring and setting on to a spending plan may felt to be forced upon them and in this manner may go about as a demotivating factor. Rather than supportive gestures it may represent a danger to workers since a non-accomplishment of the objective may get a type of trouble for the representative. iv) Budgets may prompt useless administration The objectives may present in a danger with representatives in a single branch of the business accomplishing more than their planned targets and make issues somewhere else. For instance, a creation office may accomplish additional yield that the business division discovers hard to sell. The might make a disordered circumstance and to maintain a strategic distance from such broken administration, spending plans should be set at sensible levels and connected and co-ordinated over all offices with appropriate informations. v) Budgets may be set at too low levels Financial plans being set up by people can be set up at low attainable rates since, the spending where too simple to even think about achieving, will be pointless for the business and may, truth be told, lead to bring down degrees of yield and greater expenses than before the spending plan was set up. Spending plans should make it sure, the best utilization of the assets accessible. BUDGETRAY PLANNING Financial plan being a vital piece of any business is frequently arranged well early and generally a concerned office chips away at setting up a precise spending plan and has got arranging with respect to its fruitful planning: Spending Manual gives a lot of rules regarding who is associated with the budgetary arranging and control procedure, and how the procedure is to be led a spending board of trustees, which composes the procedure of budgetary arranging and control; so as to be the best, unites agents from the principle elements of the business eg creation, deals, organization and is going by a spending co-ordinator whose activity is to manage and supervise the exercises of the advisory group End In this report, an endeavor has been made to put over a nitty gritty investigation of financial plan and budgetary control. The targets of its planning, advantages and constraints referenced above should be sufficiently proficient to put over an image whereby, all the informations about financial plan and budgetary control are effectively accessible. However, I attempted my best to put over a short diagram in general idea, be that as it may, its not total, and is restricted to the reality of information, time and assets. Be that as it may, after the concise investigation it is obvious that other than having its different confinements likewise spending plan and budgetary control is a vital piece of any business.

Your Guide to Writing a Narrative Essay

Your Guide to Writing a Narrative Essay Narrative essays are a common assignment seen across educational levels and programs and can be incredibly fun to write with the right planning and execution. In this article, were going to break down the elements of a narrative essay, as well as discuss formatting issues you might run into as you are writing your rough draft. Then, well discuss common issues you might run into as you are revising your essay and writing the final draft.Planning - Choosing your storyThe core of a narrative essay is the story you tell. However, a well-written narrative essay moves beyond just a personal anecdote and illustrates an important theme or topic using that story. This means that in addition to providing a story, your narrative essay will also need to include an analysis of that story or experience from your point of view (as both the writer and the person who experienced the event).Focus on a themeSo, in the planning stages of your narrative essay, you need to determine two important facts: 1 ) what theme and analysis of that theme will you focus on and 2) what personal story will you use to do this?In some cases, you might be given the theme as part of the narrative essay assignment. For example, your assignment might read something like this: Racism and sexism are two pervasive and complicated issues in American society. Write an essay about your experience with one or both of these concepts and what you learned from that experience.If your narrative essay prompt is open, you will still need to focus on a particular theme and analysis of that theme in the process of choosing which story you want to tell about your life or life experiences. Lets say, for example, you want to write a narrative essay about a time when your favorite childhood pet passed away. While that story might be an interesting narrative, without thematic analysis to let your reader know what you are sharing the story in the first place, your narrative essay will fall flat and miss the mark of what a narrative essay is meant to do.So, keep this in mind as youre choosing your story. It should be an entertaining or heartfelt story, certainly, but you will also need to analyze it thematically in the process of sharing it to write a true narrative essay.Avoid making it too broadAnother important consideration to keep in mind as you are choosing your story is to avoid making it too broad. A well-written, entertaining narrative essay often includes vibrant details and even dialogue, which means that if you dont narrow down the topic and theme precisely, it will be too broad for the constraints of your page and word count.For example, a narrative essay on your senior year in high school or even your summer vacation will likely be too broad. A narrative essay on your senior prom or a weekend getaway over the summer would be a better choice, leaving you room to include sensory details and dialogue without having to rush the story to fit page or word count.In other words, if your story un folds over a series of weeks or months, it is likely too broad for a narrative essay.Choose a story with vibrant detailsThe best narrative essays are the ones that include vibrant, sensory details throughout to engage the reader and make him or her feel as if they were present when the events happened. These details are the reason narrative essays are so powerful in their ability to inform, and even persuade, readers about important themes and topics.This is why it is important to choose a story with vibrant details to relate in your narrative essay. If you arent sure whether the story youve chosen will work well for a narrative essay assignment, consider how many details youll be able to provide about the sights, sounds, tastes, smells, and sensations you experienced during the event. If youre trying to decide between multiple stories to relate in your essay, choose the one that is most vibrant in your memory.First draft â€" The writing process in narrative essaysNow that youve cho sen the story you want to write about in your narrative essay, the hardest part of the assignment is over. Now the fun begins with the writing process!Create an informal outlineAs with any essay assignment, its important to begin the writing process with an outline. However, the outline for a narrative essay will be different than one you would create for an expository or persuasive essay and will be much less formal and structured. Basically, it should consist of bringing together the elements of a story in a logical way, so youll want to include information about the beginning, middle and end of the story, along with your thesis or thematic analysis.Brainstorm sensory detailsAs mentioned earlier, the sensory details that you include in your narrative essay will be the most important elements for engaging your reader. A great way to get started on these in the writing process is to take a few minutes to complete a sensory inventory of the event or situation you plan to detail in yo ur essay.The easiest way to do this is to take a piece of paper and create five columns on it for the five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. Within these five columns, write what you remember from the situation or event. For example, if my narrative essay will be about the day I buried my childhood pet, I might include the following details on my sensory inventory.Sight: Fur blowing in the wind, my dogs eyes closed, loose dirt, yellow and purple wildflowersSound: The silence without his bark, the wind in the trees, the shovel hitting rock, a bee buzzing aroundTaste: My moms blueberry pancakes she made before we buried him, the saltiness of my tearsTouch: The feel of his soft fur one last time, the crumbling dirt between my fingers, the heavy box carrying his weight.Smell: His comforting dog scent, the coffee on my mothers breath as she spoke to me.Use scenes and summariesAll narrative writing is made up of scenes and summaries. A scene is when you describe details that occurred at specific points in the story, including dialogue that happened, while a summary is what fills in and progresses or moves the action between scenes.Include an antagonist, even if its youThe best narrative writing includes an antagonist, who serves as a counterbalance, opposing force or obstacle for the protagonist. This doesnt necessarily mean that you need an alternate bad guy in your story. In fact, in many cases, we are our own antagonists with struggles like self-confidence, self-worth, self-limitation, etc., keeping us from a desired goal or outcome. Therefore, for your narrative essay, be sure to include details of the struggle between protagonist and antagonist, whether those are two different people or two different perspectives that fought for control of the outcome of the situation. Without that struggle between antagonist and protagonist, the narrative arc of the story falls flat because the protagonist (you) doesnt change. Your reader needs to see progression in your character within the story as you overcome an obstacleâ€"be that a self-imposed one or one you encountered because of someone or something else.Format dialogue correctlyBesides details, dialogue is a useful way to bring a story alive and engage the reader, making him or her feel that they are right there experiencing the event(s) with you. To use dialogue, however, its important to know how to format it correctly. An example of correctly formatted dialogue for my narrative essay on burying my childhood pet might go something like this:I dont want to bury him, Mom, I said, with tears rolling down my face.My mom looked at me tenderly and wiped away a tear.I know, sweetheart, but we have to. Thats the way things are done.But what if he gets lonely and cold down there in the ground? I asked.Then youll just have to come visit his grave often to keep him from being lonely, my Mother replied.Final draft â€" Refining your writingNow that youve reached the final stage of writing your narrative essay, its important to keep in mind some best practices for making sure your final draft is in tip-top shape. This includes proofreading to find grammatical or spelling errors, as well as ensuring that your analysis of the theme you chose corresponds to the story you told.

The Revolution And The Reformation - 1432 Words

During the 16th and 18th century such as,the town of Boston being founded in 1632. Later, Roger Williams arrives in what today is Rhode Island, where he is to establish a settlement with twelve loving friends and neighbors† in 1636. All these events added to the idea that the explorers were more important than the scientific revolution and the reformation. Thus, the most important period for me was the explorers because without them we would not have some of the things we have today because they found the New World we use today and without them we would not have had the triangle trade. Supporters of the Explorers believe that without them we would not have the New World. Even if he wasn t the first his goal was to find a route to China going West. In his text/lecture â€Å"Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese Explorer)†,Francisco Contente Domingues a argues that â€Å"On October 12, 1520, he rounded the Cape of the Virgins (Cabo Và ­rgenes, Argentina) and at approximately 52`50`S entered the passage that proved to be the strait of his seeking, later to bear his name† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Based upon research, it is clear that Ferdinand Magellan is important because he found a different way to go around the world and opened it up for more explorers to come and discover more of the land. He went towards the west because he needed to avoid the Portuguese and because the Pope told him to because of the Treaty of Tordesillas .This research supports the idea that without them we would notShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Revolution And The Reformation1435 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesarrives in what today is Rhode Island, where he is to establish a settlement with twelve loving friends and neighbors† in 1636.† ( Timeline). All these events added to the idea that the explorers were more important than the scientific revolution and the reformation. Thus, the most important period for me was the explorers because without them we would not have some of the things we have today because they found the New World we use today and without them we would not have had the triangle trade.Read MoreThe Revolution And Reformation During The Renaissance1205 Words   |  5 PagesRevolution and reformation; these are two words that are often identified with war, disagreement, and regional effects. While these things do indeed come along with a revolution or reformation, they heed an array of positive and secular outcomes as well. In addition, a revolution can, and usually will, cause a reformation. Conversely, a reformation can cause a revolution. This can happen despite the two things involved with the change or disagreement being seemingly unrelated. The world is connectedRead MoreHumanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation = Scientific Revolution3038 Words   |  13 PagesHumanism and the Renaissance + Protestant Reformation = Scientific Revolution Kelly McCabe CCM Summer Session III Professor Pilant Term Paper CCM Summer Session III 2012 Early Modern European History Term Paper The later Middle Ages is characterized as a time of great transition and advancement, especially pertaining to areas of politics, economics, art and intellect. A new trend towards the pursuit of new knowledgeRead MoreCompare and Contrast Religion during Reformation, Industrial Revolution, and World at War1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe periods during the Reformation, Industrial Revolution, and the World at War all experienced religious and church conflicts. During the Renaissance and Reformation (1330 – 1650), the fundamental practices of the church came under fire. The church at this time was the largest and most political body. The pope, himself, was the most recognizable political figure. It was due to this authority that the church and its pope were more interested in political issues and less with the spiritual needsRead MoreHow the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Led to a More Secular and Democrtatic Society1437 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Revolu tions Lead to Political Reform: How the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Led to a more Secular and Democratic Political Atmosphere. Since the beginning of time cultural views have influenced and shaped our society but never has more change occurred than during the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution. We leave the middle ages a society of Kings and feudal life and emerge with the beginnings of modern political theory. The RenaissanceRead MoreThe Reformation Of The 16th Century862 Words   |  4 Pages One of the most significant religious revolution of the 16th century was the Reformation. Martin Luther protested the doctrine of the church such as – indulgence could help ordinary people pay for their sins and that church was the only way to attain salvation. On the other hand Luther believed that faith alone leads to salvation and it can t be won or bought. He criticized the administration of the church for luring people in buying relics saying it represented god or sending them to pilgrimageRead MoreThe Decline Of The Protestant Reformation1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Protestant Reformation was a religious act in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of many new churches. It effected spiritual thought, philosophy, political work, and the economies of several countries all around the world. The effects of the Reformation can still be felt in modern times. Stimulated by a devout and renowned German Monk, Martin Luther, this reformation sent shockwaves throughout Europe and played a significantRead MoreEnlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau)1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthose times. During the Protestant Reformation, times were also different and his opinion may have altered again. Locke may have not cared about the people as much because he was too busy criticizing the government/ churches. The Protestant Reformation was a time where people were very critical of the churches because they abused their power which is one of Lockes philo sophies; people want to be protected by the government, not abused. During the Scientific Revolution, however, people were big on scienceRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreCauses Of The Protestant Reformation725 Words   |  3 Pagesperiod of 1300 to 1789 the churchs power declined by a significant amount. A number of things happened that decreased the churchs power during the time period of 1300 to 1789, but the Protestant reformation a nd the Scientific Revolution had weakened the role of the church the most. The Protestant Reformation had decreased the role of the church in Europe by decreasing its power by a large margin. Martin Luther had, had some ideas of what was wrong with the church. He expressed his ideas by writing

The American Dream By John Winthrop - 1168 Words

What is the â€Å"American Dream†? The American Dream has always been characterized by a thriving job market, opportunities for advancement, stability, etc. It is â€Å"the pursuit of individual achievement without consideration for moral or legal restrictions† (Angulski, 2013). This idea dates back as far as 1630 to the puritan colonists. It was first established within a sermon given by John Winthrop while sailing to Massachusetts. This sermon set into motion the ideals that we have adapted today enveloping the â€Å"American Dream†. From then on Americans put their faith in the theory that if you work hard and do the right thing you will manifest your goals and eventually attain success and comfortability. The dream of the time was to live in a land where there existed a right to religious freedom and opportunity. This ideal has stuck to this day, however the validity may is no longer intact. The American Dream is a mere afterthought within today’s soc iety, overtaken by massive debt and loss of opportunity. The American Dream is the greatest asset we as a country possess, â€Å"the fact that people from across the world still want to come to America to fulfill their dreams, to join a society that they see as dynamic, exciting, and full of potential, is a testament to the great potential of America to improve lives and offer opportunity for all† (Ross, 2016). America is a substantially different world now than it was at the time of the initial â€Å"American Dream†. â€Å"The optimism of theShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Franklin And John Winthrop1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Franklin and John Winthrop, men with different ideals, present the same notion that America should be presented as a â€Å"city upon a hill.† Franklin believed that the American dream should be presented as an ideal where men and women are equal and can both move up in social class on their own, practicing any religion they desired. On the other hand, Winthrop believed that the new world was a religious safe haven only for the Puritans. American Exceptionalism was overall the main focus, guidingRead MorePuritan Beliefs Of The Massachusetts Bay Colony1236 Words   |  5 Pagesfaces of many of God s worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into Curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are a going (City Upon A H ill, Winthrop). When presented with conflicts threatening the harmony of a community and the possibility of dissenters, Governor John Winthrop and his ministers had no issue removing nonconformists to preserve the best interests of the larger community. A well known dissenter, Roger Williams, came from England with a strongRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Reagans Farewell Address1653 Words   |  7 PagesIn Reagan’s address, he uses many rhetorical devices to advance his purpose of unifying America, for instance, Reagan utilizes tone, syntax, and pathos to portray his pride, hopefulness, and patriotism for America. He uses these devices to show Americans of the unification America needs. Throughout the text, Reagan uses tone to express his pride for America. When he says â€Å"But oddly enough it starts with one of the things i’m proudest of in the past eight years: the resurgence of National Pride thatRead MoreForced to Choose Between Morals and Society in The Puritan Dilemma by Edmund S. Morgan600 Words   |  3 Pagestheir societies. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were banned since they had refused to accept the Puritan rules, and John Winthrop believe he could not continue in a country where the church remained tainted. The Puritan Dilemma indoctrinated the people, claiming we are all sinners other than the puritans. Everyone is sin and Puritans are saintly. Starting with John Winthrop, a man who was stubborn and strict in the manner he worshipped God, and devoted his life. Making it known that nothingRead MoreThe American Dream: Colonial Period2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe American Dream: Colonial Period The colonial period gave birth to an idea that would go on to cultivate itself into the minds of all people. Regardless of race, religion, or gender, the American Dream became an embodiment of the goals set forth in society for all individuals. Variations of this dream arose from person to person as the dream took on several different forms. As Jim Cullen states in his book, The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation, â€Å"†¦there is no oneRead MoreColonial America: Founding the Dream Essay example1742 Words   |  7 PagesWorld also led to the discovery of the American Dream which became defined by the colonial Americans and generations to come as a second chance for economic opportunity and religious freedom. The first colonists to arrive in America established Jamestown, Virginia and sought new economic opportunities away from Europe. After the Spanish discovered the West Indies and the rich mines they held, young English men also sought these riches on the North American mainland (Byrd 131). Unfortunately, goldRead MoreThe American Dream Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is a concept that has circulated around the world and has caused people from other countries, and those who live in America, to come to our nation and take advantage of the opportunities in place to better their lives. The definition of the American Dream, provided by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America (1931), is â€Å"a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦It is not a dreamRead MoreThe Impact of Puritans on the Development of America and Its Influence on Modern Society1141 Words   |  5 Pageswhere they could practice their religion without persecution or interference. The new world in the American colonies provided a great opportunity for the Puritans to branch out and form their own communities with their own religion and government. During this time there were two prominent figures in the growth of the Puritans movement in America, Jonathon Winthrop and Roger William. Jonathon Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts and served as such for twenty years. Winthrop’s brand of PuritanRead MoreAmerican Exceptionalism: The Destiny of America603 Words   |  2 Pages What was the destiny of America viewed by American Exceptionalis? All along as time has advanced, travelers have come here in great hopes to establish a great country, escape from persecution, to become rich, and many other ideas of the American dream, so to speak. After many years these ideas of what America should be has accomplished great achievements and perhaps combined the d estinies of many exceptionalist. There are three separate ideas of destiny that I am going to discuss and how they combinedRead MoreAnne Hutchingson and Freeborn Garrettson1207 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During her examination, she confessed that she had experienced an â€Å"immediate revelation† from God. She described hearing â€Å"the voice of his own spirit to my soul.† After discussion with authorities, John Winthrop concluded that â€Å"†¦this is the thing that hath been the root of all the mischief.† She was found guilty and banished from the colony. In 1775, Freeborn Garrettson had a similar mystical experience. â€Å"In the night I went to bed as usual, and slept

Effects of Washington D.C Snipers Free Essays

Effects of Washington D. C Snipers Two men that decide they want to take people’s lives into their own hands, can change the way American citizens live their everyday lives. This exact situation happened over a twenty-three day period, when John Muhammad and John Malvo went on a shooting spree in Washington D. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Washington D.C Snipers or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. John Allen Muhammad, a forty-one year old veteran expert marksman of the Persian Gulf War, was the main culprit of the crime. He was accompanied by John Lee Malvo, a seventeen year old Jamaican citizen. These two men killed ten people and wounded three others. The snipers had a strategic plan in shooting their victims. As appose to a random one day spree, they had a well thought out process of how to conduct this shooting. They cut a small hole out of the trunk of an old car. They used this hole to stick their gun out of and shoot people without getting caught, and without people knowing where the shooting was coming from. There were no particular people that they were trying to shoot. Everyone that was shot or wounded was random. They shot people picking their kids up from school, and people filling up with gas. This shooting scared people all over the community and throughout the nation. No one felt safe leaving their homes. Before the criminals were caught people were very cautious performing their everyday activities. Some people did not want to take their kids to school fearing that they, or their children might be in danger. The parents and children who did perform their everyday activities lived in fear every time Dial 2 they were in the open. This shooting also stopped people from wanting to get out of their car to fill up with gas. People also stopped going to the park, and even going out to run and exercise. People who had to walk to and from work were scared to go to their jobs in fear of being shot. Anytime people had to be out in the open, they felt as if they were a target. They were scared that somebody was always watching them through the scope of a rifle. Because the people did not know where the shooting was coming from, they did not know what warnings to look for. Once the shooters were caught, some of the tension was relieved. Even though some of the tension was relieved, some people still had the killings of innocent people in the back of their minds. Since someone had committed such an awful crime, they thought that someone else would commit this crime in a similar style. It took time before kids were out playing in the park again and people were back to their normal everyday activities. Because of this shooting, more cars are stopped and searched, because of small traffic violations to ensure the safety of others. More cameras have been put up throughout the city so cops can look at what happened after a crime has been committed, and hopefully bring the criminals to justice. During the time of big events, there are also more roads closed and blocked where all cars are stopped and questioned. Crimes like this also make it harder for the everyday citizen to buy a gun. It also makes people consider going and getting a concealed weapons license. Even today, five years later, people are still worried about crimes like this being committed. Some people feel as if they are a target every time they step out of their front door. Cops all over America have been trained to be able to spot suspicious behavior and know what to look for. The Government’s job is to make everyone feel safe, although this is not always possible because of similar situations from the past. How to cite Effects of Washington D.C Snipers, Papers

The Pearl Essay Example

The Pearl Essay In The Pearl, the author, John Steinbeck, uses the pearl to express what human nature is. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl that Kino finds is described as large as being incandescent and as perfect as the moon; by the end of the novel, Kino looks at the pearl it is ugly, gray, like a malignant growth. In general, mankind’s are greedy, deceptive and evil. In the novel, Steinbeck tries to say that human nature tendency toward greed, deception and evil, which can cause something good and beautiful to become something bad and evil in both physical and mental ways. First of all, Steinbeck shows human beings are instinctively greedy. Steinbeck uses the scene to show humans are gluttonous is where the doctor comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes after Kino has found a pearl. When Coyotes is bitten by the scorpion, Kino takes him to the doctor to get treatment. But the doctor refuses to heal Coyotes because Kino is indigent. Later On, after Kino owns the pearl, the doctor automatically comes to Kinos house and offers a treatment for Coyotes. After he treats Coyotes, he pretends that he does not know Kino has a pearl and asks Kino about the medical expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You have a pearl? A good pearl? The doctor asks with interest (35). The reality is that he wants Kinos pearl more than giving people treatments. Although the doctor has a lot of money and his life is very plentiful, he still wants more and his is discontented. Obviously, the greed had already controlled the doctors mind and the way he acts. Another example that humans are greedy is the scene where Kino does not want to give up the pearl and keeps all his dreams also demonstrates peoples avarice. Juana, who is smart enough to figure out the reality of the pearl trouble, advises Kino to throw the pearl away. Juana says, This pearl is evil. This pearl is like a sin. It will destroy us all! (38). Even though Juana warns Kino that the pearl will bring misfortunes to the family and advises him to throw the pearl away, Kino neither takes the advice nor listens to what his wife says because Kinos mind is already overtaken by his dreams. He is only thinking of being Juana and Coyotes and himself standing and kneeling at the high alter (24), [dress] in the new white clothes (24), holding a Winchester carbine (25), and Coyotes sitting at a little desk in a school (25). Clearly, the greed is surpassed his mind and controls his actions and what he says. After Kino has found ofthe pearl of the world, everyone is willing to own it and they begin to start think of their own dreams, Every men suddenly [becomes] related to Kino, and Kinos pearl [goes] into the dreams, the schemes mans enemy (23). And so, the narrator says, For it is said humans are never satisfied, that you give them one thing and they want something more (25). In the scene where people try to steal Kinos pearl after the pearl is found (37-38), they do whatever that is possible in order to steal the pearl. Jealousy has grown in the heart of these people and jealousy has turned into greed. People are hurting each other and it is like a dog-eat-dog world. From greediness comes deception, which is another humans characteristic. In the scene where Kino sells his pearl, the pearl dealers try to deceive Kino since he is ignorant (48-52). They all act in collusion with each other because they want to buy the pearl at a very cheap price. In order to do that, all dealers tell lies, saying that the pearl was not valuable and it was a monstrosity because they are willing to deceive to get what they want. And, the doctor is also deceptive when he comes to Kinos house and heals Coyotes; the doctor reveals his characters of deception (30-33). The doctor makes Coyotes sick for a while by giving him a potion, which is in reality a dangerous substance. First, he overstates Coyotitos state of his illness, saying that he might die if he does not get immediate cure. Since Kino is ignorant, he does not know the doctor is telling the truth or not. The doctor gives Coyotes some potion and that makes him sick for a while and he says this potion would help Coyotes to get rid of the poison. In fact, Coyotes is getting better right before the doctor comes to heal him. The doctor smiles, but his eyes in their little lymph lined hammocks [do] not smile (30). As one reads this quote carefully, one can see what the purpose is when the doctor comes to Kinos house-either steals the pearl or forces Kino to pay for the treatment. Since the doctor knows he can retrieve power form Kino, he must want to do something to deceive Kino. The way that the doctor acts seems to be nice, helpful and kind; but what he does and thinks is unconcerned and deceptivemakes an illusion and lies to Kino. Lastly, evil is one of mankind’s instinctive qualities as well, which comes from peoples greed and deception. Steinbeck uses the doctor who refuses to treat Coyotes as a symbol of showing humans is evil. When Coyotesis bitten by the scorpion and Kino asked the doctor for treatments, he rejects to heal the Indian people who are not the same race as he is unless those people can prove that they have enough money to pay for his service, Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians? I am a doctor, not a veterinarian (11). Has he any money? No, they never have money. I, I alone in this world am supported to work for nothing and I am tired of it. See if he has any money! (11). Even though he might able to cure, he only cures those who can afford to pay for the treatment. On the other hand, the doctor might kills someone indirectly since the doctor refuses to heal those patients who do not get immediate cure. Also, in the scene where Kino hits Juana when she tries to throw the pearl away back in the sea without asking Kino, this reveals humans are naturally evil. He [strikes] her in the face and she [falls] among the boulders, and he [kicks] her in the side He [hisses] at her like a snake and she [stares] at him with wide unfrighten eyes, like a sheep before a butcher (59). Kino hits his wife and becomes more evil after he has found the pearl. Most important of all, he has lost his humanity and becomes like an animal. He will not consider his family anymore like he used to because he has turned evil and he is overtaken by his dreams. Also, Steinbeck uses the scene where people burn down Kinos house to show humans do evil acts to harm someone. Since the pearl dealers cannot think of a way that can deceive Kino, they burn down his house in revenge, which makes Kinos family become homeless. Kinos house has smokes of the first fires seeped out through the walls of the brush house (62) and is a tall edifice of fire lighted the pathway (63). Once again, human beings avarice and deception have turn into evil and make them do evil acts, which can harm people very easily. All in all, Steinbeck states the facts in The Pearl that humans are instinctively avaricious, deceptive and evil, which can cause something perfect and gorgeous into something bad and wicked in both physical and mental ways. At the beginning of the novel, the pearl is described as being lucent and perfect; later on, the pearl is described as having a curious dark on its surface; at the end, the pearl is ugly and gray. The doctor, townspeople and Kino, who are affected by greed, deception and evil of the humans characteristics, do something bad that makes the pearl becomes ugly and dark. We, human beings, do something bad and evil and our behavior will change the quality of an object. In other words, an objects quality depends on the way people look at it and how people treat it. If we try to get what we want and do not be concerned or examine our behaviors, something that is beautiful and perfect can turn into something bad and evil, just like the ending of this novel. The Pearl Essay Example The Pearl Paper The novel is about Kino a pearl fisher and his family. One day, a scorpion stung his son Coyotito. The doctor refused to treat him because Kino is poor and no money. So Kino went for pearl fishing in the hope that it would pay for his sons treatment. Kino found a pearl. The pearl buyers tried to cheat him and thieves attempted to kill him. Kino decided to escape with his family. Unfortunately Coyotito was killed. Kino and Juana returned home sadly and threw the pearl back into the sea. My critical view of The Pearl. John Steinbecks novel The Pearl is not an ordinary story. This is a story about a great pearl, a Mexican-Indian community, and great dreams. This book is wonderfully written by John Steinbeck in 1947. Through this novel, he tries to teach us a lot of moral values which are very important in our life. Through each character he expresses at least one moral value. I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, their culture, settings of village and feelings of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When I read the book, I can imagine Kino, Juana and Coyotito, their brush house with wooden floor, food and clothing. I became deeply involved in this story. Thus I can feel how Kino and Juana suffered without money to treat Coyotito. In this way, Kino and Juana looked like simple, pitiful characters. However, Steinbeck uses them as examples of people who are suffering without wealth and who are looked down by the upper class. I love his ability to portray the feelings of the family. Especially, when Kino dreams to give his son proper education and a better life for Juana. Even though Kino appears to be hot tempered and stubborn but he never lets his family down. So this indicates how should the head of a family be. Besides Kino, Steinbeck also shows Juanas character as a loving protective mother. When the doctor refused to treat Coyotito, she never gave up. She used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound, and this indicates how great a loving mother is. Steinbeck also shows Juana as a devoted wife, even though Kino used to beat and scold her. This novel of Steinbeck also tells us, how the Mexican-Indians are being ill-treated. He also reminds me of how greedy people can be. Just to get the pearl they can do anything. Here Steinbeck uses the thieves and doctor as examples of people who are greedy for the pearl. In fact he shows Kino turned to be o fierce, wild and slotted man in order to protect the pearl and his family. I believe that the love for money is the root of all evil and that John Steinbeck had this in mind when he wrote this novel. Overall the book is not only enjoyable to read, but educational too. I understand that greediness gives us nothing. I also learned how the Indians of Central America were treated by the Spanish. Besides, I understand the value of the family and love for each other. So, I would recommend this book to readers of all ages because it is very interesting, portrays cultural and moral values of any ethic community. Three Different Blurbs a) This novel by American writer John Steinbeck (1902-1968) is about a pearl diver Kino. When Kino finds an extra ordinary pearl, he hopes that it will change his life style. But later he regrets to find the evil pearl which causes a lot of trouble and kills his loving son. b) The Pearl is very short but wonderful. It is based on Mexican old folk legend and inspired by John Steinbeck on 1948. A poor pearl diver dreams of wealth and happiness for his family when he finds a priceless pearl. Do his dreams become true? Read the Pearl to know the answer. c) This book is an amazing parable of good and evil, and the destructive power of greed. Even though the book is small but it packs a powerful punch. Through this book Steinbeck try to teach a lesson about being greedy and stubborn. A good lesson for us to read. It is also an excellent example of cultural discrimination and inhumane treatment of others simply because of skin color and financial ability. 5.1 Definition of authorial critism According to Dugal Williamson (1989), says that authorial critism is the kind of critism that produces the effect of authorial individually and effaces all other factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly, the authorial critics put the author at the centre of a text meaning and ignore the techniques of composition which manipulate the way readers respond to the text. Authorial critism does not allow us to see that the text is a kind of a staging of representations of signifying gestures, informed by social knowledges and training. 52 Definition of neo-rhetorical critism It is clear that Williamsons motive is to move away from author-centered critism towards the kind of critism that focuses on techniques of representation. He wants to kill off the Romantic author so that we may see the textual elements working to produce the effect of meaning. As an alternative to authorial critism, Williamson proposes the neo-rhetorical critism be it genre or discursive analysis, enables us to see that all texts owe an unacknowledged debt to other text, that behind the appearance of originality, texts employ generic conventions in terms of narrative and structure and style, all of which admit both repetition and variation. Analysis of my critical review When I analyze my critical review on The Pearl, I think it is based on authorial criticism. From my understanding of authorial criticism is the kind of critic that produces the effect of authorial individuality and effaces all the factors which contribute to the intelligibility of meaning. Directly or indirectly the author is given very much emphasis at the centre of a texts meaning. In contrast the techniques of writing which manipulate the way readers respond to the text is ignored. So in my critical review on The Pearl I did the same. I give more emphasis for the author. So my critical review was based on how the author describes the characters, plot, settings and feelings. And I never mentioned about how is the authors techniques of writing, the language elements, genres, the similes, gestures, idioms that he used and so on. This can be proofed in my critical review which has this line I like the way he describes the life style of the poor pearl fishers, culture, setting and their feelings. Dugal Williamson posits four overlapping strategies of authorial criticism. I think I have to follow the first and third strategies. According to the first strategy we should avoid linking a particular novel with other novels by the author, should not be looking for patterns of aesthetic significance between the any novels of the author and should not compare this novel or that particular novel is more representative. In my critical review, I never linked the Pearl with any other novel of Steinbeck. I totally avoid all the factors mentioned in the first strategy. My review is fully based on authors meaning or the message that he would like to converse. The third strategy of authorial criticism implies that we should avoid saying like this:- Pearl is proof that John Steinbeck is a master of his material, and a writer in whom great talent abides. Instead, we may say:- The pearl implies or suggests or indicates and etc. There are differences between these two sentences. The first suggest that John Steinbeck is responsible for the coherence and unity of the pearl, while the second sentence implies that meaning of the text is constructed following certain protocols or critical interpretative. So I follow the second way which I put like this she used seaweed poultice on Coyotitos wound and this indicates how great is a mother. Analysis of the selected online reviews The review (a) by a reader named Fatima (refer to appendix 1) on the Pearl seems to be more neo-rhetorical criticism. This is because the reader talks about the plot and content the story. The reader has also interpreted his understanding of which the author is trying to say. So she talks more on the people, the culture and society. Only one line speaks of Steinbeck which says he consider elements of community and politic in his work. There is no major relation between the author and text. So I would say this more of new rhetorical criticism rather than an authorial. The review (b) is written by a kid on 1st September 2004 (refer to appendix 2). According to my understanding, I think his review is more on new-rhetorical criticism rather than authorial. Because this reader also talks little bit about the main characters. The reader also compares this Pearl with other books of the author and says it is equally good. Besides, all of these the reader also mentions that Steinbeck is a literacy magician. This indicates that the reader try to highlight Steinbecks ability to describe the beautifulness of the nature. So this shows to me, that the reader try to mention the language style, literacy devices and the genres used by the author to describe it in real. However, there are two lines in this readers review look like authorial criticism. The sentences are sounds like this when Steinbeck describes Juana carrying the dead baby back into town in her dress I cried. When he writes it is as if you are watching a movie unfold inside of your head. After analyzing the particular lines I noticed that they are more to authorial criticism. Because that lines show that the reader also interpreted his understanding of what the author is trying to convey and he become deeply involved in the seen. I think the reader try to tell us how wonderfully Steinbeck describes the feelings of a sad mother using his imaginative and literacy devices. So based on my analysis, I think this review is mixture of both rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Through my analysis, I think the review (c) on the 14th May 2004 (refer to appendix 3) is also mixture of both new-rhetorical criticism and authorial criticism. Because the reader puts the author in the centre of the text. The reader says that Steinbeck wasnt trying to make you happy and have the book have a Hollywood ending. Steinbeck was trying to make a point These mean the reader gives more emphasis for the author. The author is treated as the origin of a works form and meaning. Besides the author is also used as a principle of writing. Because the reader did not say that Steinbeck made the story very sad and touching. But he mentions it indirectly in those sentences. This same readers also reflects the new-rhetorical criticism in his review. This can be proofed by the readers view of points which telling about Steinbecks style of writing and we would imagine something else when we read it. Not only these, the reader also says that Steinbeck used a lot of descriptions and a lot of similes. The reader also says there are sentences would stick to us like gum to the bottom of our shoe. So this indicates to me the language, genres and literacy devices that used by Steinbeck in his technique of writings. Essay I have always admired the beauty of pearl, but never known much about it. After reading the novel Pearl by Steinbeck, I realized the pearl is very great and valuable. It gives beauty and prestige for the people who own it. However this pearl also can change people to be greedy and selfish. This is clearly expressed by John Steinbeck in his novel Pearl. In addition, after reading the wonderful novel Pearl, my interest to know about the pearl increased. Thus, I chose the pearl as my key word to look for information on internet and I found so many interesting articles about pearl. However there are two articles which interested me very much. There are the history of pearl and American Pearls. It is very interesting to read the history of pearl. It gives me wonderful education and knowledge about the cultured pearl. Many thousands years ago, long before written history, pearl probably found by the humans while searching the seashore for food. Throughout history, the pearl with its warm inner glow and shimmering iridescences, has been one of the most highly prized and sought-after gems. Countless references to the pearl can be found in the religions and mythology of cultures from the earliest times. The ancient Egyptians prized pearls were very great. Cleopatra reportedly dissolved a single pearl in a glass of wine and drank it, simply to win a wager with Mark Anthony that she could consume the wealth of an entire nation in just one meal. In ancient Rome, pearls were considered the ultimate symbol of wealth and social standing. Besides, there were many other histories of pearls. The pearls were so highly regarded, a number of European countries actually passed laws forbidding anyone but the nobility to wear them. Well during the European expansion into the New York would, the discovery pearl in central American waters add to the wealth of Europe. Unfortunately, greed and lust for the sea-grown gems resulted in the depletion of virtually all the American Pearl oyster populations by the 17th Century. Until the early 1900s natural pearls were accessible only to the rich and famous. In 1916, famed French jeweler Jacques Cartier bought his landmark store on New Yorks famous Fifth Avenue by trading two pearl necklaces for the valuable property. But today, with advent of pearl cultivation, pearls are available and affordable to all. The birth of pearl is really amazing. Pearls are grown by live oyster far below the surface of the sea. They are born from oysters completely with a shimmering iridescence, luster and soft inner glow unlike any other gem stones. A natural pearl begins its life as a foreign object, such as parasite of shell that accidentally lodges itself in an oysters soft inner body where it cannot expelled. The case this irritant, the oysters body takes defensive action. The oyster forms a substance nacre around the irritant in order to protect itself. As long as the irritant remains with its body, the oyster will continue to secrete nacre around it, layer upon layer. Over time, the irritant will be completely encased by the silky crystalline coating. And the result ultimately is the lovely and lustrous gem called a pearl. Well the cultured pearl share the same properties as natural pearls. Oysters form cultured pearls in an almost identical fashion. The only difference is a person carefully implants their irritant in the oyster, rather than leaving it change. Modern pearl cultivation has become more selective. In Japanese pearl cultivation, highly skilled technicians carefully open live pearls oysters, and with surgical precision make an incision in the oysters body. Then the oysters will be sent to sea back and observed by the technicians. Later the oyster will produce layer after layer lustrous nacre around the nuclear implanted within them. During the period of the oyster will be given health and cleaning treatment. Over time, after many months of growth and cave, the oysters are ready for harvest. After harvesting, pearls must be stored by the size and quality. Finally, the experts will make the pearl jewelry. However the article about American Pearls is also very knowledge and beneficial for me. This article describes about variefies of pearl. Pearl jewelry and clear explanations of the identity quality within each variety and customer service. Refer to appendix ( ) to view the picture American Pearl store is the direct connection to variety of cultured pearls from all over the world. The American Pearl provides all kinds of pearl jewelry. It offers the highest quality pearl which stands at the pearliest prices. American Pearls goals is to best provide customers with top quality service and help people to create memorable occasions such as birthdays, weddings, graduations, Valentines day and many more. It also specialize is selling cultured pearl jewelry imported from all over the world. It has long established relationship with pearl farmers from Australia (white south sea pearls), Tahiti (black south sea pearls), Indonesia (golden south sea) and Japan (Akoyo). The American Pearl is the direct importer and make a market for south sea pearls at wholesale prices which are imply unrivaled. Its gold smiths are well versed in designing the pearl jewelry appropriately according to the customers taste. Besides, American Pearl is the only source for Hawless pearls. Conclusion The novel Pearl by John Steinbeck is not only enjoyable but it also aroused, my interest to learn about the real oyster pearl and its history. I never knew there were cultured abalone pearls until I came across the internet online sources about pearl. The materials gave me wide range of explanation about pearls and the history. It has been wonderful education for me. Besides, I also learnt how to judge a book by reading the blurbs and other peoples reviews.

Free Essays on Changing Our Atmosphere

Our Changing Atmosphere Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural greenhouse effect, temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth’s average temperature is a more hospitable 60Â °F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally. Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing? Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO2 released by human activities; but these releases have generally been in balance during the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution with carbon dioxide absorbed by terrestrial vegetation and the oceans. What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional release of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, 24% ... Free Essays on Changing Our Atmosphere Free Essays on Changing Our Atmosphere Our Changing Atmosphere Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural greenhouse effect, temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth’s average temperature is a more hospitable 60Â °F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally. Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing? Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO2 released by human activities; but these releases have generally been in balance during the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution with carbon dioxide absorbed by terrestrial vegetation and the oceans. What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional release of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, 24% ...

Chemical or Scientific Names of Common Substances

Chemical or Scientific Names of Common Substances Chemical or scientific names are used to give an accurate description of a substances composition. Even so, you rarely ask someone to pass the sodium chloride at the dinner table. Its important to remember that common names are inaccurate and vary from one place and time to another. Therefore, dont assume that you know the chemical composition of a substance based on its common name. This is a list of archaic chemical names and common names for chemicals, with their modern or IUPAC equivalent name. You also may be interested in the list of common chemicals and where to find them. Common Chemical Names Common Name Chemical Name acetone dimethyl ketone; 2-propanone (usually known as acetone) acid potassium sulfate potassium bisulfate acid of sugar oxalic acid ackey nitric acid alcali volatil ammonium hydroxide alcohol, grain ethyl alcohol alcohol sulfuris carbon disulfide alcohol, wood methyl alcohol alum aluminum potassium sulfate alumina aluminum oxide antichlor sodium thiosulfate antifreeze ethylene glycol antimony black antimony trisulfide antimony bloom antimony trioxide antimony glance antimony trisulfide antimony red (vermillion) antimony oxysulfide aqua ammonia aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide aqua fortis nitric acid aqua regia nitrohydrochloric acid aromatic spirit of ammonia ammonia in alcohol arsenic glass arsenic trioxide azurite mineral form of basic copper carbonate asbestos magnesium silicate aspirin acetylsalicylic acid baking soda sodium bicarbonate banana oil (artificial) isoamyl acetate barium white barium sulfate benzol benzene bicarbonate of soda sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate bichloride of mercury mercuric chloride bichrome potassium dichromate bitter salt magnesium sulfate black ash crude form of sodium carbonate black copper oxide cupric oxide black lead graphite (carbon) blanc-fixe barium sulfate bleaching powder chlorinated lime; calcium hypochlorite blue copperas copper sulfate (crystals) blue lead lead sulfate blue salts nickel sulfate blue stone copper sulfate (crystals) blue vitriol copper sulfate bluestone copper sulfate bone ash crude calcium phosphate bone black crude animal charcoal boracic acid boric acid borax sodium borate; sodium tetraborate bremen blue basic copper carbonate brimstone sulfur burnt alum anhydrous potassium aluminum sulfate burnt lime calcium oxide burnt ochre ferric oxide burnt ore ferric oxide brine aqueous sodium chloride solution butter of antimony antimony trichloride butter of tin anhydrous stannic chloride butter of zinc zinc chloride calomel mercury chloride; mercurous chloride carbolic acid phenol carbonic acid gas carbon dioxide caustic lime calcium hydroxide caustic potash potassium hydroxide caustic soda sodium hydroxide chalk calcium carbonate Chile saltpeter sodium nitrate Chile nitre sodium nitrate Chinese red basic lead chromate Chinese white zinc oxide chloride of soda sodium hypochlorite chloride of lime calcium hypochlorite chrome alum chromic potassium sulfate chrome green chromium oxide chrome yellow lead (VI) chromate chromic acid chromium trioxide copperas ferrous sulfate corrosive sublimate mercury (II) chloride corundum (ruby, sapphire) chiefly aluminum oxide cream of tartar potassium bitartrate crocus powder ferric oxide crystal carbonate sodium carbonate dechlor sodium thiophosphate diamond carbon crystal emery powder impure aluminum oxide epsom salts magnesium sulfate ethanol ethyl alcohol farina starch ferro prussiate potassium ferricyanide ferrum iron flores martis anhydride iron (III) chloride fluorspar natural calcium fluoride fixed white barium sulfate flowers of sulfur sulfur flowers of any metal oxide of the metal formalin aqueous formaldehyde solution French chalk natural magnesium silicate French vergidris basic copper acetate galena natural lead sulfide Glaubers salt sodium sulfate green verditer basic copper carbonate green vitriol ferrous sulfate crystals gypsum natural calcium sulfate hard oil boiled linseed oil heavy spar barium sulfate hydrocyanic acid hydrogen cynanide hypo (photography) sodium thiosulfate solution Indian red ferric oxide Isinglass agar-agar gelatin jewelers rouge ferric oxide killed spirits zinc chloride lampblack crude form of carbon; charcoal laughing gas nitrous oxide lead peroxide lead dioxide lead protoxide lead oxide lime calcium oxide lime, slaked calcium hydroxide limewater aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide liquor ammonia ammonium hydroxide solution litharge lead monoxide lunar caustic silver nitrate liver of sulfur sufurated potash lye or soda lye sodium hydroxide magnesia magnesium oxide manganese black manganese dioxide marble mainly calcium carbonate mercury oxide, black mercurous oxide methanol methyl alcohol methylated spirits methyl alcohol milk of lime calcium hydroxide milk of magnesium magnesium hydroxide milk of sulfur precipitated sulfur muriate of a metal chloride of the metal muriatic acid hydrochloric acid natron sodium carbonate nitre potassium nitrate nordhausen acid fuming sulfuric acid oil of mars deliquescent anhydrous iron (III) chloride oil of vitriol sulfuric acid oil of wintergreen (artificial) methyl salicylate orthophosphoric acid phosphoric acid Paris blue ferric ferrocyanide Paris green copper acetoarsenite Paris white powdered calcium carbonate pear oil (artificial) isoamyl acetate pearl ash potassium carbonate permanent white barium sulfate plaster of Paris calcium sulfate plumbago graphite potash potassium carbonate potassa potassium hydroxide precipitated chalk calcium carbonate Prussic acid hydrogen cyanide pyro tetrasodium pyrophosphate quicklime calcium oxide quicksilver mercury red lead lead tetraoxide red liquor aluminum acetate solution red prussiate of potash potassium ferrocyanide red prussiate of soda sodium ferrocyanide Rochelle salt potassium sodium tartrate rock salt sodium chloride rouge, jewelers ferric oxide rubbing alcohol isopropyl alcohol sal ammoniac ammonium chloride sal soda sodium carbonate salt, table sodium chloride salt of lemon potassium binoxalate salt of tartar potassium carbonate saltpeter potassium nitrate silica silicon dioxide slaked lime calcium hydroxide soda ash sodium carbonate soda nitre sodium nitrate soda lye sodium hydroxide soluble glass sodium silicate sour water dilute sulfuric acid spirit of hartshorn ammonium hydroxide solution spirit of salt hydrochloric acid spirit of wine ethyl alcohol spirits of nitrous ether ethyl nitrate sugar, table sucrose sugar of lead lead acetate sulfuric ether ethyl ether talc or talcum magnesium silicate tin crystals stannous chloride trona natural sodium carbonate unslaked lime calcium oxide Venetian red ferric oxide verdigris basic copper acetate Vienna lime calcium carbonate vinegar impure dilute acetic acid vitamin C ascorbic acid vitriol sulfuric acid washing soda sodium carbonate water glass sodium silicate white caustic sodium hydroxide white lead basic lead carbonate white vitriol zinc sulfate crystals yellow prussiate of potash potassium ferrocyanide yellow prussiate of soda sodium ferrocyanide zinc vitriol zinc sulfate zinc white zinc oxide

Revised proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revised proposal - Essay Example Environmental conservationists, however, argue that the coastline is heavily populated and, therefore, any oil or gas spill would cause immense destruction to the environment and would negatively affect the individuals residing on the shores of the state. Sustaining the governments move for exploration, the US secretary of the interior supported the governments efforts, claiming that the expansion plan took into account a balanced perspective towards gas and oil exploration and development. He lamented that the governments approach would protect areas that were too delicate to explore. In the recent past, the US government has come under immense pressure to stabilize the ever growing demand of oil and stabilizing oil prices and at the same time balancing the governments aspiration to fight climatic changes and protect the environment against pollution. Environmental analysts feel that more exploration in Georgia and other areas will open up the region to unhealthy and dirty fuels. They feel that these explorations will expose American coastlines to dirty fuel development practices, and such practices will pollute the coastlines and negatively affect American civilians. Stressing the governments intention to further increase oil and gas supply, the White House lamented that it would preserve more land, approximately 10 million acres of land for additional oil explorations in Alaska in the near future. Arctic drilling would still carry on while also expanding additional explorations in the most resourceful Gulf of Mexico region. The oil and gas policies as proposed by the US government shows a bigger effort by the US administration to maintain the current Americas energy demand while also replicating down on legislations purposed to give protection to the environment and the unique ecosystems. Adding the gas and oil permits in the eastern side of the country, the governments proposes an enlarged lease in the densely

Analys of a needs assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analys of a needs assessment - Essay Example The hospital has a cardiovascular section including the Cardiac Cath Lab, the Electrophysiology lab, Echo lab and Angio Lab. The Cardiac Cath Lab employs registered nurses; however the VA facility employs registered nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses, nursing assistants and nurse anesthetists. This report targets the nurses working in the Richmond VAMC Cardiac cath lab section. As the managing director of the cardiac cath lab of Richmond VAMC, I have observed some additional learning requirements for nurses in this sector. To verify this fact, I assessed a sample of the nurses in the form of questionnaires. This document is an analysis of the results of an assessment conducted to determine the educational needs of the nurses in the cardiac cath lab. The assessment was in the form of a questionnaire conducted on 10 staff members and containing 9 questions (Dept of Veteran Affairs, 2011). Description of a sample of assessed employees Mary A. Allan The above sta ted person has been working in this cardiac cath lab for five years. She previously worked at Utah Valley Regional Centre in its cardiac cath lab as a nurse for 4 years. She trained as a nurse at the Utah Valley University after where she got employed at the Blossoms Children Care. She currently holds a BSN and possesses adequate training in advanced cardiac life support and reading of EKGs. She is efficient, punctual, exceedingly skillful and addresses the patients adequately. Joan O, Kenney The above stated person has been working at the cardiac cath lab for 1 year. Prior to working here, she was a student at the Richmond Medical Training center for 3 years. She has no prior working experience as a cardiac cath lab nurse. She currently holds a BSN and possesses adequate training in advanced cardiac life support and reading of EKGs. Prior to working here, she was a student at the Richmond Medical Training center for 3 years. Catherine G. Williams The above stated person has worked in the cardiac cath lab for three years. Prior to working here, she was a student at the Richmond Medical Training center for 3 years. She possesses no prior experience as a cardiac cath lab nurse. However, she worked as an intern at the Richmond Clinic. She currently holds a BSN and possesses adequate training in advanced cardiac life support and reading of EKGs (Dept of Veteran Affairs, 2011). Analysis of assessment results Working experience In the questionnaire, questions 1 and 2 dealt with the external and internal work experience the nurses possessed in relation to a cardiac cath lab. About 40% of the workers responded to have working experience in this lab for three years and above. Also, 70% of the nurses responded to having worked in other cath labs for more than three years. We consider a nurse who has worked for three years and more in a cardiac cath lab to be adequately experienced in this field thus, more than 70% of them possess the reputation in this one. This data in dicates that about three quarters of the nurses have adequate cath lab experience. Orientation satisfaction This is an analysis of the response by the nurses towards the orientation. Questions 3, 4 and 6 covered issues concerning the orientation. A considerable number (40%) are under-oriented since they received less than four weeks

The Effects of Bilingualism on Language Development Essay -- Language

The effects of bilingualism on language development in children are examined. Theories suggest that bilingual children are able to learn a second language after the first is mastered. One of the reasons behind this is that the child has already developed the nonverbal concept of the word (because the child is already using it in the primary language), so only the verbal concept must be constructed. It has been shown that balanced bilinguals are more cognitively and linguistically flexible. However, unbalanced bilinguals generally show mixed results. Introduction Impact of Bilingualism In California, bilingualism is a big issue. Most people in California are not bilingual, but there is a large minority that does speak a second language. Of those second languages, Spanish is by far the most widely spoken, mainly because of California's close proximity to Mexico. Bilingualism is a hot topic in California's political arena as well. The move to halt bilingual education is a prime example of this. Although a large portion of the population speaks a second language, such as Spanish, there are those who trumpet the benefits of monolingualism in schools. They cite the opinion that children will be confused in school and will not be able to differentiate between the two languages. Theories of Adolescent Bilingualism Cognitive Importance The purpose of this paper is to explain the different effects that bilingualism affects cognitive processes, specifically language development. When talking about how bilingualism affects language development, we are speaking of cognitive implications. Bialystock and Hakuta (as cited in Seifert, Hoffnung, & Hoffnung, 1997) found that when children learn two languages equally well, ... ...f print. Developmental psychology. 33 (3). 429-440. Bialystock, E., & Hakuta, K. (1994). The science and psychology of second language acquisition. In K. Seifert, R.J. Hoffnung, & M. Hoffnung, Lifespan development. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (1995). Language development in early bilingual development. Journal of child language. 22. 611-631. Gonzalez, V. (1995). A model of cognitive, cultural, and linguistic variables affecting bilingual Hispanic children's development of concepts and language. Hispanic journal of behavioral sciences. 16. (4). 396-421. Pease-Alvarez, L. (1993). Moving in and out of bilingualism: Investigating native language maintenance and shift in Mexican-descent children. In K. Seifert, R.J. Hoffnung, & M. Hoffnung, Lifespan development. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. The Effects of Bilingualism on Language Development Essay -- Language The effects of bilingualism on language development in children are examined. Theories suggest that bilingual children are able to learn a second language after the first is mastered. One of the reasons behind this is that the child has already developed the nonverbal concept of the word (because the child is already using it in the primary language), so only the verbal concept must be constructed. It has been shown that balanced bilinguals are more cognitively and linguistically flexible. However, unbalanced bilinguals generally show mixed results. Introduction Impact of Bilingualism In California, bilingualism is a big issue. Most people in California are not bilingual, but there is a large minority that does speak a second language. Of those second languages, Spanish is by far the most widely spoken, mainly because of California's close proximity to Mexico. Bilingualism is a hot topic in California's political arena as well. The move to halt bilingual education is a prime example of this. Although a large portion of the population speaks a second language, such as Spanish, there are those who trumpet the benefits of monolingualism in schools. They cite the opinion that children will be confused in school and will not be able to differentiate between the two languages. Theories of Adolescent Bilingualism Cognitive Importance The purpose of this paper is to explain the different effects that bilingualism affects cognitive processes, specifically language development. When talking about how bilingualism affects language development, we are speaking of cognitive implications. Bialystock and Hakuta (as cited in Seifert, Hoffnung, & Hoffnung, 1997) found that when children learn two languages equally well, ... ...f print. Developmental psychology. 33 (3). 429-440. Bialystock, E., & Hakuta, K. (1994). The science and psychology of second language acquisition. In K. Seifert, R.J. Hoffnung, & M. Hoffnung, Lifespan development. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (1995). Language development in early bilingual development. Journal of child language. 22. 611-631. Gonzalez, V. (1995). A model of cognitive, cultural, and linguistic variables affecting bilingual Hispanic children's development of concepts and language. Hispanic journal of behavioral sciences. 16. (4). 396-421. Pease-Alvarez, L. (1993). Moving in and out of bilingualism: Investigating native language maintenance and shift in Mexican-descent children. In K. Seifert, R.J. Hoffnung, & M. Hoffnung, Lifespan development. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Concept Application Project Essay

Throughout the semester I have explored many topics in sociology. While exploring these topics, three main theoretical perspectives were used. I will briefly illustrate each of the main theoretical perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic Interactionism. During this semester I have watched two films, Food Incorporated and The Vernon Johns Story. I will describe how a theoretical perspective is used in each of these examples. Then I will provide my own two examples where concepts and theoretical perspectives can be illustrated. My First example is the Boston Marathon Bombings and the second is the Mass Media’s coverage of the Boston Bombings. The Functionalist Perspective is a sociological perspective that emphasizes each part of society contributing to the survival of that society. In Sociology in Modules, they define the functionalists perspective as, â€Å"A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability (Schaefer 15). † The functionalist perspective can be compared to the human body model. Each part of the body performs specific tasks. For example, our legs allow us to walk or run and our lungs allow us to breathe. Without each and every body part, one simply cannot perform to the maximum potential. Now when a functionalist is looking at a society, they may see different social groups that contribute to a larger population. The Conflict Perspective is a sociological perspective that views the world as a constant struggle. In our textbook, Sociology in Modules, they define the conflict perspective as, â€Å"A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation (Schaefer 15). † There are many areas where conflict can arise in today’s society. Religious groups, political parties, and different social classes, may all have conflicting views with other or opposite groups. Examples of the conflict perspective include means of production versus labor and the concentration of wealth. In recent history, the conflict perspective is becoming more popular. With, â€Å"The widespread social unrest resulting from battles over civil rights, bitter divisions over the war in Vietnam, the rise of the feminist and gay liberation movements, the Watergate political scandal, urban riots, and confrontations at abortion clinics have offered support for the conflict approach (Schaefer 16). † Groups in society with different viewpoints often pose a great threat to conflicting parties. The Interactionist Perspective is the third main sociological perspective where the traditional way of thinking comes from typical human interaction between groups. Sociology in Modules defines the interactionist perspective as, â€Å"generalizations about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole (Schaefer 17). † The interactionist perspective is also know as symbolic interactionism. I believe it is much easier to look at it from a symbolic interactionism perspective because symbols are easier to understand. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, one may see the world we live in as full of objects. These objects can come on the form of people, places, things, thoughts, feelings, or symbols. Symbolic interactionism looks at these symbols to characterize groups by their symbol. Each symbol may be different. For example, a symbol could be the type of color of car you drive, what you wear to work or school everyday, or even tattoos. Groups in society are often characterized by their symbols. These symbols allow people with similar symbols to communicate with ease. Food Incorporated is a documentary film that portrays the corporate farming industry in the United States as unhealthy, harmful, abusive, and inhumane. Food Inc. the movie really gave me something to think about, it only reinforced my beliefs to eat healthy and support organic and free-range grass fed meats. The most meaningful thing to me was when one of the contributors said the corporate farming industry only wants to grow their products â€Å"bigger, fatter, cheaper, faster†. This agribusiness in only in it for the sake of business and they don’t see the other side. On the other side there are these products that are being mass-produced in factory farms. This seemingly only affects the lower class Americans who can only afford the cheapest of food products at the super market. From a financial standpoint, it only makes sense that people are forced to consume such low quality products at their demise. As the conflict theory would describe it, this is a constant struggle between the producer and the consumer. The producers are producing animal products in close quarter factory farms and feeding them corn, which is not a naturally occurring meal. Specifically cattle and chickens are given hormone shots to make them grown bigger, fatter, and faster. These farms do not treat the animals well at all. The animals live in horrible conditions, often times in their own manure. This causes disease to reach to food that eventually people eat. There are cases that come up all the time where products need to be pulled from the shelves in stores because of contaminated foods. The Vernon John’s story is a true story turned into a movie that portrays a Minister, Vernon John, who leads the African Americans in the fight for civil rights. This film demonstrated the development of social change in the south. First, the blacks do not measure up to the whites in social class. They often held position in social that were not important of looked down upon. For example, the position that Vernon John holds is viewed as a conflict by white law enforcement officials. During the early 1900s, Black Americans were being segregated from society. Secondly, During this time, African Americans were not recognized by society as having any value other than slavery. Race and ethnicity played a large role in society during this time. African American Racial groups formed and they were discriminated against. Vernon John is a leader of social change. He stepped up and faced the danger in speaking his views. The movie illustrates two great examples of hate crime in the 1920s. The first is when Vernon John was driving in his car late at night to bring a girl who had been raped to the hospital. The white policemen pulled Vernon John over and just antagonized him for no reason. Another example is when part of Vernon John’s church was set on fire. This was obviously planned by the white Americans out of hatred for Vernon Johns following and community. The blacks were heavily being discriminated against. Third, the government used force and power to exercise their will against Vernon John and the Black Americans. The movie demonstrates a great example of what goes on in society today. Although the United States may not be going through the exact same situation of discrimination as the 1900s, we are still facing sorts of discrimination and hate crimes today. Which leads me into my next example, the recent Boston Marathon bombings. The Boston Marathon bombings is an alleged terrorist attack that happened during the finish of the 2013 Boston Marathon. On April 15th, 2013, two Muslim brothers from Massachusetts detonated two explosives near the finish line of the Marathon, killing three people and injuring more than 200 people. The 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings display the conflict some people have with society. I am not in the head of the bombers or the investigators so I am only speaking from an outside perspective. With that being said, I cannot imagine what they were thinking when setting off these two explosions in front of thousands of people. From the suspects point of view, they must have seen the world from a conflict perspective. They must have believed that they didn’t fit into society. In a Wall Street Journal article, one suspect claims â€Å"he and his brother were angry about the U. S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the killing of Muslims there† (Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack). My only guess is that their hatred for the United States is so fierce that they concluded in carrying out these horrible acts. It appears that other groups from over seas heavily influenced the suspects. This is just one example of how government, religion, and cultural differences can become conflicting in society. The mass media can influence the coverage of any story by the time it reaches the public. The mass media is defined by Sociology in Modules as, â€Å"print and electronic means of communication that carries messages to widespread audiences† (Schaefer 153). The leverage they have is huge in what information/sources they have and what they release. In the coverage of the Boston Bombings, the media helped the public understand of what precautions they should take around the threatened area. The media also helped people from across the country understand what was happening in Boston. In this case, I believe the media did a good job in providing accurate information to the public. However, this is not always the case. The conflict view states that gatekeeping can control what information reaches the public. For example the media can choose on which pieces of news to report on, leaving out specifics that could totally twist the story. They can also choose which sources they want to use which may also have an affect on the outcome of the story. Not all social classes have access to certain news sources. Many sources are behind a pay wall, which prohibits some potential viewers from accessing the information. The functionalist view would say that the mass media plays a role in society that keeps it moving forward. Sociology in Modules says, â€Å"the mass media is to occupy our leisure time—from newspaper comics and crossword puzzles to the latest music releases on the Internet. While that is true, the media have other important functions. They also socialize us, enforce social norms, confer status, and promote consumption† (Schaefer 154). This is all very true and it reinforces our viewpoints of the media. Overall, multiple theoretical perspectives can portray the mass media. Indeed, concepts and theoretical perspectives learned in class are used to illustrate events in society today. First, the example of the Vernon John’s story gives one the ability to see the upbringing of social change through the civil rights movement. The second example of the Food Inc. production is one that produces for profit without taking into consideration all the ethical and health needs of American citizens. Third, my example of the Boston Marathon Bombings illustrates conflict and hates crimes in our culture today. Lastly. The mass media acts as an agent between information and the public through print and electronic versions. The conflict and functionalists theoretical perspectives can be used to analyze the mass media. Therefore, social concepts and theoretical perspectives are used throughout the society we live in today. ? Works Cited â€Å"Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack. † WSJ. com. Associated Press, 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Movie One, 2008. DVD. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology In Modules. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. McGrawHills Connect. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. The Vernon Johns Story. Dir. Kenneth Fink. 1994. DVD.

Balanced Scorecard and strategy map for Marks Spencer Free Essay Example, 2750 words

The study will be contrasting the vision and strategy of the company along with the internal business process, customer, innovation & learning and financial performance of the company. 2. Vision and Strategy of the Company 2.1 Vision Marks & Spencer is operating the multinational retail industry having the competitors like Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury, Walmart and many other global retail firms. They are planning to gain more future sustainability and market growth by developing their product or operational line. The organisation is having the vision of transforming the operational infrastructure. From the year 2012-2013 they started focusing on developing their image as the leading international retailer and multi-channel service. They are also aiming to reinforce capabilities as priorities so that they can meet the requirement of UK and international market (Corporate. marksandspencer. com, 2015a). Marks & Spencer is planning to increase the rate of growth in the food ranges. Operating model of the organisation is aiming to drive best possible customer experience. They are planning to develop more features in the M&S. com. Moreover, management of the organisation have the vision o developing high skilled human resource. We will write a custom essay sample on Balanced Scorecard and strategy map for Marks & Spencer or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Management level is aiming to use global talent base, such talent base is enjoying continuous skill development process. Retailers have faced huge change in the UK food market which challenges their profit generation and sustainability. Marks & Spencer is offering their customers with lucrative and multipurpose store format which helps in meeting various shopping behaviour (Corporate. marksandspencer. com, 2015c). 2.2 Strategy Marks & Spencer is facing the huge challenges in their major products clothing and home markets. The market has reported highly competitive with existence of Next Plc, Tesco, ASDA and Zara. The organisation is planning to develop proper strategies that will bring growth in profitability and market share. Strategic directions of the firm are focusing on fashionable design, high quality and unique identity (Blandon, Henson and Cranfield, 2009). Moreover, during the year 2014 management of Marks & Spencer are seeking for easy availability along with diversified choice (Corporate. marksandspencer. com, 2015b). It has been observed that global business policies of Marks & Spencer are facing various economic and social challenges. Feeble currency exchange rate of euro, pound and dollar and macroeconomic factors like inflation and recession are harming the Marks & Spencer in achieving proper financial stability.